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Financial statements and analysis

Financial position, income, cash flows, financial ratios, closing

What you will find in this section

How to read the balance sheet, the income statement and the cash flow statement, which financial ratios a small business owner needs, and a practical year-end closing checklist.

Financial statements and analysis

Statement of financial position: how to read it in 10 minutes

A quick, structured way to read the statement of financial position: what to look at first and which questions to ask about each line item, with a solved statement for a trading business.

7 minBeginner
Financial statements and analysis

The income statement: from revenue to net profit

A step-by-step explanation of the layers of the income statement: net sales, gross profit, operating profit, then net profit after Zakat, with a complete solved statement.

7 minBeginner
Financial statements and analysis

The statement of cash flows: why are you making a profit but have no cash?

An indirect-method example for a business that made a profit of 400 thousand SAR while its cash fell by 210 thousand: where the money went and how to read the three sections.

7 minIntermediate
Financial statements and analysis

The most important financial ratios for small business owners

Eight ratios are enough to understand your business's position: liquidity, profitability, inventory turnover and collection period, calculated on realistic figures for a trading business.

8 minIntermediate
Financial statements and analysis

Year-end closing: a practical checklist for accountants

An ordered checklist for closing the financial year: counts and reconciliations, adjusting entries, closing entries, then the statutory deadlines for Zakat and the Qawaem platform.

8 minIntermediate

Free tools for this topic

Financial statements from the trial balanceUpload the trial balance and get the income statement, financial position, cash flows and changes in equity, with a KPI dashboard, recommendations and estimated Zakat.End-of-service benefit (EOSB)Calculate the end-of-service benefit under the Saudi Labor Law for every type of employment termination.Depreciation scheduleYear-by-year straight-line or declining balance depreciation schedule.Statement reconciliationReconcile the bank statement with your books, or a customer or supplier statement with their account in your books, and extract the differences and the reconciliation statement.